ABOUT THIS PARAMETER

wildlife biomass density

The amount of animal biomass (excluding people and pets) per unit area.

Used to calculate:wildlife biomass

Varies by: ecosystem

Used ecosystem Reference Location: Ecosystem
(study period)		 Value Units Notes
* Agricultural field / vegetable garden Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / m2 We have assumed a zero value for this parameter do to a lack of information.
* Airfield Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Airport terminal Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Alley Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Apartment building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Beach Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / m2 We have assumed a zero value for this parameter do to a lack of information.
* Bike lane Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Bioswale Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Boulevard (arterial) Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Bridge Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Camp Burghardt et al. 2009- Impact of Native Plants on Bird and Butterfly Biodiversity in Suburban Landscapes southeastern Pennsylvania: suburban (2006) 0.000324 kg / m2 We assume the same wildlife biomass density as that of a lawn. This value accounts for avian biomass only.
* Cemetery Burghardt et al. 2009- Impact of Native Plants on Bird and Butterfly Biodiversity in Suburban Landscapes southeastern Pennsylvania: suburban (2006) 0.000324 kg / m2 We assume the same wildlife biomass density as that of a lawn. This value accounts for avian biomass only.
* Cistern / rain barrels Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Cliffs and rock outcrops Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / m2 We have assumed a zero value for this parameter do to a lack of information.
* Cogeneration plant Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Compost bin Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Computer data center Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Cottages / Mobile home Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Deep water estuary NOAA 2015 Data compilations for primary production, herbivory, decomposition, and export for different types of marine communities, 1962-2002 (NODC Accession 0054500) Global: deepwater estuary (2015) 1.76 g / m2 using excel spreadsheet from data download for consumption of phytoplankton, microalgal beds, seagrass meadows; extremely low weight value in grams/ m2 the density of the herbivores consuming the plants
* Derelict structures Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 g / m2
* Diesel power plant Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Disturbed Land Manley et al 1994 Arthropod response to strip disking in old fields... Mississippi: Old fields (1992-1993) 5.61 g / m2 Total arthropod biomass (g/m2) in control treatments at Copiah County Wildlife Management Area, June - August 1992
* Eelgrass meadow Nelson & Waaland 1997 Seasonality of eelgrass, epiphyte, and grazer biomass.... San Juan Islands, Washington: Eelgrass meadows (July 1990 - July 1992) 1.3 g / m2 dry weight of Lacuna snails (eelgrass herbivores)
* Elevated train Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Estuary Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / m2 We have assumed a zero value for this parameter due to a lack of information.
* Factory Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Freshwater marsh Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / m2 We have assumed a zero value for this parameter do to a lack of information.
* Fuel storage tank Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Garage Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Gas station Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Geothermal pump Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Graywater recycling Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Greenhouse / vertical farm Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Green roof Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / m2 We have assumed a zero value for this parameter do to a lack of information.
* Hardwood swamp Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / m2 We have assumed a zero value for this parameter do to a lack of information.
* Heavy rail line Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Hemlock – northern hardwood forest Fisher & Likens 1973 - Energy Flow in Bear Brook, New Hampshire: An Integrative Approach to Stream Ecosystem Metabolism Bear Brook, NH: Mature hardwood forest (1968-1970) 69 g / m2
Hemlock – northern hardwood forest Jordan 1971 - A World Pattern in Plant Energetics... Europe: Hardwood forest () 5.8 kg / ha This value is the sum of the biomass density of mammals (4.5 kg/ha) in a hardwood forest in Czechoslovakia and the biomass of birds (1.3 kg/ha) in a mature mixed hardwood forest in Europe.
* High salt marsh Teal 1962 Energy Flow in the Salt Marsh Ecosystem of Georgia Sapelo Island, Georgia: Salt marsh (late 1950s - early 1960s) 32 g / m2
* Highway Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Hospital Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Hotel Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Landfill Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Lawn Burghardt et al. 2009- Impact of Native Plants on Bird and Butterfly Biodiversity in Suburban Landscapes southeastern Pennsylvania: suburban (2006) 0.000324 kg / m2 This value accounts for avian biomass only.
* Light rail line Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Low salt marsh Teal 1962 Energy Flow in the Salt Marsh Ecosystem of Georgia Sapelo Island, Georgia: Salt marsh (late 1950s - early 1960s) 32 g / m2
* Meadow International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences 2012. Arthropods Global: Temperate Grasslands () 8121.5 kg / ha Includes arthropods, mammals, birds and microbial organisms.
* Mixed use: office / residential building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 g / m2
* Mixed use: restaurant / office building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Mixed use: restaurant / residential building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Mixed use: restaurant / retail building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Mixed use: retail / office building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Mixed use: retail / residential building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Natural gas power plant Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Oak hickory forest Jordan 1971 - A World Pattern in Plant Energetics... Europe: Oak forest () 7.777 kg / ha This value is the sum of the biomass of mammal (7.5 kg / ha) in a Oak forest in Europe and the biomass of birds (0.277) in a Oak-hickory forest in Wyoming.
Oak hickory forest Beissinger & Osborne 1982 Effects of urbanization on avian community organization Hueston Woods State Park, Ohio, Site 2: Comprised uniform mature beech-maple forest () 730.3279 g / ha This value represents the avifaunas biomass density of a comprised uniform mature beech-maple forest. We divided the overall wildlife biomass of the forest by the number of hectares in order to get a density for one hectare of the forest.
Oak hickory forest Beissinger & Osborne 1982 Effects of urbanization on avian community organization Hueston Woods State Park, Ohio, Site 1: Comprised uniform mature beech-maple forest () 940.348 g / ha This value represents the avifaunas biomass density of a comprised uniform mature beech-maple forest. We divided the overall wildlife biomass of the forest by the number of hectares in order to get a density for one hectare of the forest.
* Office building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Orchard Sullivan et al. 1998- Population dynamics of small mammals in relation to vegetation management in orchard agroecosystems: compensatory responses in abundance and biomass Summerland, British Columbia, Canada: apple orchard (1983-1986) 10.28 kg / ha This value refers to the observed summertime wildlife biomass density in a five-year-old orchard.
* Ornamental garden Parker & Nilon 2008 Gray squirrel density, habitat suitability, and behavior in urban parks Federal Hill, Baltimore, Maryland: Urban park (Summer 2004) 4.6 kg / ha Observed density of gray squirrels was 8.5 squirrels per hectare. According to http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sciurus_carolinensis.html the mean biomass of a gray squirrel is 540.33 g. Therefore the observed biomass density was approximately 4.6 kg/ha.
Ornamental garden Parker & Nilon 2008 Gray squirrel density, habitat suitability, and behavior in urban parks Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C.: Urban park (Summer 2004) 23.9 kg / ha Observed density of 44.3 gray squirrels / ha. According to http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Sciurus_carolinensis.html, the mean biomass of a gray squirrel is 540.33 g. The observed density of gray squirrels is therefore approximately 23.9 kg/ha. Lafayette Park is famous in research circles for its extraordinary density of squirrels.
* Parking lot Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Park savanna Beissinger & Osborne 1982 Effects of urbanization on avian community organization Site 2, Oxford, Ohio: Residential neighborhood (1976-1982) 1.03 kg / m2 12,657 g of biomass (birds only) were observed in an area of 6.1 ha, which is equivalent to 2.07 kg/ha convert to m2 = 0.000207 avg. weight of Eastern grey squirrel = 0.58 kg avg. weight of NYC rat = 0.45 kg total = 1.03 kg/m2
* Paved ball field/court Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Pedestrian bridge Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Pedestrian street / plaza Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Permeable pavers Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Photovoltaic panels Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Pier Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Pond Welch & Ball 1966 - Food Consumption and Production of Pond Fish Michigan State University Experiment Station, Pond A: Artificial pond (1956-1958) 8.7 g / m2 This value is the beltic biomass of Pond B on 8/8/1957 outside set fish exclosures.
Pond Welch & Ball 1966 - Food Consumption and Production of Pond Fish Michigan State University Experiment Station, Pond A: Artificial pond (1956-1958) 28 g / m2 This value is the beltic biomass of Pond A, Section 1 on 8/29/1957 outside set fish exclosures.
* Public assembly hall Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
Puddles on hardtops NULL REFERENCE NULL REFERENCE LOCATON: NULL ECOSYSTEM (NULL STUDY PERIOD) None DUMMY UNIT
* Restaurant Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Retail building Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* School or university Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Sewage treatment plant Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Shrub land Chew & Chew 1970 - Energy Relationships of the Mammals of a Desert Shrub (Larrea tridentata) Community San Simon Valley of southeastern Arizon: Desert Shrub () 1133 g / ha This value represents the biomass of all mammal species in the studied plot of the San Simon Valley of southeastern Arizona.
* Sidewalk Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Single family home Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Solar energy facility Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Solar heating panels Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Solid waste transfer plant Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Stadium Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Stream Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / m2 We have assumed a zero value for this parameter do to a lack of information.
* Streetcar line Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Street (collector) Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Street trees Beissinger & Osborne 1982 Effects of urbanization on avian community organization Site 2, Oxford, Ohio: Residential neighborhood (1976-1982) 2.07 kg / ha 12,657 g of biomass (birds only) were observed in an area of 6.1 ha, which is equivalent to 2.07 kg/ha
Street trees Beissinger & Osborne 1982 Effects of urbanization on avian community organization Site 1, Oxford, Ohio: Residential neighborhood (1976-1982) 2.53 kg / ha 15,445 g of biomass (birds only) were observed in an area of 6.1 ha, which is equivalent to 2.53 kg / ha
* Subway Assumed New York City: Mannahatta () 0 kg / ha
* Swimming pool Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Tidal energy facility Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Traffic slowed street Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Trail Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 g / m2
* Tunnel Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Utility yard Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Warehouse Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / ha
* Waste energy power plant Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Water treatment plant Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Water/wastewater storage tank Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2
* Wind farm Assumed New York City: Urban Area () 0 kg / m2

< back