The amounf ot plant material eaten or removed by animals over a given period of time per unit area.
Used to calculate:harvest by wildlife
Varies by: ecosystem
| Used | ecosystem | Reference | Location: Ecosystem (study period) |
Value | Units | Notes |
|---|
| * | Agricultural field / vegetable garden | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.0522 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Agricultural field / vegetable garden | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Airfield | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Airport terminal | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Alley | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Apartment building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Beach | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 110 | g / m2 / year | Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems is 18% of NPP. We assume NPP of 290 g C/m2/yr for beaches (see net primary productivity parameter), and that carbon is 47.5% of total biomass. |
| * | Bike lane | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Bioswale | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Boulevard (arterial) | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Bridge | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Camp | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 0.01746 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Camp | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Cemetery | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.0414 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Cemetery | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Cistern / rain barrels | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Cliffs and rock outcrops | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.00306 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Cliffs and rock outcrops | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Cogeneration plant | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Compost bin | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Computer data center | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Cottages / Mobile home | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Deep water estuary | NOAA 2015 Data compilations for primary production, herbivory, decomposition, and export for different types of marine communities, 1962-2002 (NODC Accession 0054500) | Global: deepwater estuary (2015) | 11.94 | g C / m2 / year | aggregation of herbivory rate of marine phytoplankton (7.665), benthic microalgal beds (1.6425) & seagrass meadows (2.628)(assuming all exist in deep water estuary) download dataset from url |
| * | Derelict structures | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | g C / m2 / year | |
| * | Diesel power plant | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Disturbed Land | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.12726 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Disturbed Land | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Eelgrass meadow | Larkum, Orth, Duarte 2006- Seagrasses: Biology, Ecology, and Conservation | Global: Seagrass () | 4 | g / m2 / year | The consumption was assumed to be 15% of primary productivity. This value does not take into account that some herbivores prefer old, nutrient-poor leaves. |
| Eelgrass meadow | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 30 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 19 studies in of vascular plants in aquatic environments | |
| Eelgrass meadow | Nienhuis & Groenendijk 1986 - Consumption of eelgrass (Zostera marina) by birds and invertebrates: an annual budget | SW Netherlands, Lake Grevelingen: Lagoon (May 1978-May 1979) | 1.666 | g C / m2 / year | This value is the sum of estimated invertebrate consumption and total eelgrass consumption by birds. | |
| * | Elevated train | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Estuary | NOAA 2015 Data compilations for primary production, herbivory, decomposition, and export for different types of marine communities, 1962-2002 (NODC Accession 0054500) | Global: deepwater estuary (2015) | 2075.76 | g C / m2 / year | freshwater/saltwater NOAA table data |
| * | Factory | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Freshwater marsh | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 1052 | g / m2 / year | Median value for herbivory of aquatic macrophytes from 19 studies is 30% of net primary productivity lost (Cyr & Face 1993). We assume a net primary productivity of 1666 g C / m2 / yr for freshwater marshes (see NPP parameter) and that 47.5% of biomass is carbon. |
| Freshwater marsh | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Fuel storage tank | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Garage | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Gas station | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Geothermal pump | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Graywater recycling | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Greenhouse / vertical farm | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Green roof | Assumed | New York City: Mannahatta () | 0 | g / m2 / year | Assumed to be negligible. |
| * | Hardwood swamp | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 0.2535 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value for aquatic macrophytes from 19 studies |
| Hardwood swamp | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| Hardwood swamp | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 30 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value for aquatic macrophytes from 19 studies | |
| * | Heavy rail line | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Hemlock – northern hardwood forest | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.0972 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Hemlock – northern hardwood forest | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | High salt marsh | Nienhuis & Groenendijk 1986 - Consumption of eelgrass (Zostera marina) by birds and invertebrates: an annual budget | SW Netherlands, Lake Grevelingen: Lagoon (May 1978-May 1979) | 1.666 | g C / m2 / year | |
| * | Highway | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Hospital | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Hotel | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Landfill | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Lawn | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.296874 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Lawn | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Light rail line | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Low salt marsh | Nienhuis & Groenendijk 1986 - Consumption of eelgrass (Zostera marina) by birds and invertebrates: an annual budget | SW Netherlands, Lake Grevelingen: Lagoon (May 1978-May 1979) | 1.666 | g C / m2 / year | |
| * | Meadow | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.07074 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Meadow | Howe 2006 - Massive and Distinctive Effects of Meadow Voles on Grassland Vegetation | Lisle, Illinois, US: Experimental prairie restorations in a converted hayfield (1998-2003) | 40.14 | g / m2 / year | We calculated this value by subtracted the aboveground biomass where voles were excluded by the aboveground biomass where voles were admitted from 1998-2003. We then divided this value by 5 in order to get a yearly herbivory rate density. | |
| Meadow | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Mixed use: office / residential building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Mixed use: restaurant / office building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Mixed use: restaurant / residential building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Mixed use: restaurant / retail building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Mixed use: retail / office building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Mixed use: retail / residential building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Natural gas power plant | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Oak hickory forest | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.0972 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Oak hickory forest | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| Oak hickory forest | Matter et al. 2012 Invading from the garden? A comparison of leaf herbivory ... | Near Cincinnati, OH: Forest (2006-2007) | 0.07 | proportion leaf damage (0 - 1) | Not significantly different from damage to same species in ornamental settings | |
| * | Office building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Orchard | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.096833 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Orchard | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Ornamental garden | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.468 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Ornamental garden | Matter et al. 2012 Invading from the garden? A comparison of leaf herbivory ... | Cincinnati, OH: Ornamental gardens (2006-2007) | 0.05 | proportion leaf damage (0 - 1) | Not significantly different from damage to same species in natural settings | |
| Ornamental garden | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Parking lot | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Park savanna | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.0216 | kg / m2 / yr | using new NPP, recycled value from Kim: Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| * | Paved ball field/court | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Pedestrian bridge | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Pedestrian street / plaza | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Permeable pavers | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Photovoltaic panels | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Pier | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Pond | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 0.144 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value for aquatic macrophytes from 19 studies |
| Pond | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 30 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value for aquatic macrophytes from 19 studies | |
| Pond | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic algae () | 79 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value for aquatic algae in 25 studies including phytoplankton and reef periphyton | |
| * | Public assembly hall | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| Puddles on hardtops | NULL REFERENCE | NULL REFERENCE LOCATON: NULL ECOSYSTEM (NULL STUDY PERIOD) | None | DUMMY UNIT | ||
| * | Restaurant | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Retail building | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | School or university | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Sewage treatment plant | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Shrub land | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 0.0486 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Shrub land | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Terrestrial plants () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value for herbivory from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Sidewalk | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Single family home | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Solar energy facility | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Solar heating panels | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Solid waste transfer plant | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Stadium | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Stream | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Streetcar line | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Street (collector) | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Street trees | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 0.0216 | kg / m2 / yr | Value expressed in kg / m2 / yr as NPP for this ecosystem * % of NPP specified in here: Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems |
| Street trees | Cyr & Face 1993 Magnitude and patterns of herbivory in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems | Global survey: Aquatic macrophytes (i.e. plants) () | 18 | % of NPP (0 - 100) | Median value from 67 studies in terrestrial ecosystems | |
| * | Subway | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Swimming pool | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Tidal energy facility | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Traffic slowed street | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Trail | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Tunnel | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Utility yard | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Warehouse | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Waste energy power plant | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Water treatment plant | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Water/wastewater storage tank | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | kg / m2 / yr | |
| * | Wind farm | Assumed | New York City: Urban Area () | 0 | g C / m2 / year |