Piped water systems typically leak 20-25% and in some cases can leak up to 50% of water being transported (Lerner 1986). We estimate the fraction of piped water leakage from two sources due to consumption in the area of interest from two flows: piped water demand and stormwater drainage. The piped water leakage is assumed to go entirely into the groundwater.
Leaky pipes = water pipe leakage * (piped water demand + sewage from people + stormwater drainage)
Depends upon:
—Parameters: water pipe leakage
—Other metrics: water used inside, water used outside, water used making steam, sewage from people and stormwater drainage